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Developing Fascism in India


      In recent years there has been a growing political polarization in India, with ever richer billionaire capitalists, and more and more hundreds of millions of impoverished workers, farmers, and tribal peoples. This has led to more frequent rebellions by the people, more widespread and more intense. Often these rebellions are supported or led by the Communist Party of India (Maoist) or other revolutionary parties and groups. In reaction to these mass rebellions the rulers of India have paid little or no attention to alleviating the poverty, exploitation and oppression of the people. Instead they have focused almost entirely on attempting to suppress the masses and the revolutionary movement, both through armed force and through ever more draconian and fascist laws.

      The most serious of these fascist laws which are moving the whole country in the direction of outright fascism is the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act [UAPA], passed in 2008. This replaces (and intensifies!) earlier fascist laws such as the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act [TADA] and the Prevention of Terrorism Act [POTA].

      Professor Amit Bhattacharyya, in the article “Democracy and Ban Cannot Go Together” which we have posted below, explains the extreme and undemocratic nature of the UAPA:

      Why are these acts draconian? We would like to state some of the salient features. First, according to the UAPA, anyone can be kept in police or jail custody for 180 days without any trial. Second, during this period, the detained person can be brought to the police station for questioning for as many times as the police officials think necessary. Third, it is next to impossible to get release on bail under this act. Fourth, as in the draconian TADA [Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act] and POTA [Prevention of Terrorism Act], the accused would have to prove his or her innocence, rather than the accuser/police proving his/her guilt in the court of law. Fifth, all the citizens are liable to supply information about the movements of “suspects”, i,e, to act as police informers, failing which they themselves would be booked. Sixth, in the eyes of the State, all persons are suspected terrorists. Seventh, at all times of day and night, the police under some senior official of the secretariat level, are empowered to search houses of citizens for information and even arrest them. Eighth, by this act, any article, documentary film, report, essay could be suppressed and artists, writers, and even media persons can be arrested on the charge of “intend[ing] to aid terrorism”. Ninth, the prisoners would be tried in camera, the names of the witnesses would not be made public and this special court would be under the control of administrative authority. In short, this act is a new addition to the long list of draconian laws that trample down the fundamental rights of the people with impunity and brush aside all legal safeguards for the arrested and, the most important of all, make a mockery of the Indian Constitution in this “land of the largest democracy”.

      In addition to these actual laws of a fascist character, there is the general practice of the police and other agencies of the state to operate with close to total impunity with regard to any laws that are supposed to restrain and control them. In other words they routinely attack, viciously beat, arrest or kill pretty much whomever they choose, whenever they choose, almost always without any consequences to themselves no matter how outrageous their actions.

      As just one of many examples of this out-of-control police victimization of the masses we cite the common phenomenon in contemporary India of “fake encounters”. These are the cases of cold-blooded murders of revolutionaries and others while in police custody which are then falsely reported as having been armed encounters between the police and the revolutionaries. These “fake encounters” have become so frequent that even the central and state governments do not deny that they occur. But yet, except in the rarest of cases, nothing is done about them because they actually do represent the desired conduct of the police on the part of the ruling class.

      In addition to this general problem of political fascism in India there is also the specific form it often takes in combination with religion. Just as there is a tendency toward a Christian coloration to fascist movements in the U.S., and a Muslim coloration to fascist movements in the Muslim world, in India—with its Hindu majority—there is a tendency toward Hindu fascism. For this reason we will try to develop a special section below about that serious danger.

      However, it is not only those of us at BANNEDTHOUGHT.NET who are starting to take note of all this. The whole world is now beginning to recognize the seriousness of the march toward fascism in India, and India’s reputation will inevitably become more and more tarnished if this horrible trend continues.



  1. General Articles Exposing and Opposing the Growing Developments Toward Fascism in India

    • “November 2024 Press Release”, from the International Committee to Support the People’s War in India, announcing the takedown of their website. For the last decade, ICSPWI has been a major platform for news and statements from the banned CPI (Maoist), and has coordinated international campaigns in solidarity with the revolutionary struggle in India, against the ongoing Operation Kagaar, and in support of political prisoners like Ajith and G.N. Saibaba. The censorship of their site represents yet another escalation of fascist policies in India.   PDF format (42 KB)
    • “Resist the Banning of Political, Social and Cultured Activities, and Attacks on Democracy by State Power!! Intensify United Struggle for Defending the Fundamental Rights of Freedom and Justice!!!”, a 4 page leaflet calling for a rally and march on September 9, 2016, in the Telangana and AP areas, issued by the Civil Liberties Committee (CLC) and a large number of other organizations.   PDF format (862 KB)
    • “The Right to Dissent in India, and for a Plebiscite in Kashmir: Please Endorse”, a statement from the Concerned Citizens of India on Kashmir, Oct. 27, 2010, 2 pages.   PDF Version (65 KB)   MS Word Version (31 KB)
    • “Democracy and Ban Cannot Go Together”, by Amit Bhattacharyya, Professor of history, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Probably from late November 2009. Three pages.   PDF Version (165 KB)   MS Word Version (36 KB)
    • “Background Information on Repressive Laws in India”, compiled by Aagney Sail, Law Graduate, Delhi University, Indian Action Forum (INSAF), Sept. 2007. [Note that this was written before the new draconian UAPA law was enacted in 2008.] This is an 18-page PDF file (199 KB) at: http://www.binayaksen.net/wp-content/uploads/indian_repressive_laws.pdf
    • “A Short Introduction to the MLM Conception of Fascism”, by Scott H., Dec. 13, 2009, 19 pages. This essay contrasts the MLM conception of fascism with that of the bourgeoisie, and includes a short discussion of fascism in India.   PDF Format [335 KB]   MS Word Format [122 KB]

  2. Reports of New Fascist Laws and Actions

  3. Hindu Fascism

    • “The Menace of Hindu Fascism”, by W. C. Deb, (New Delhi: Progressive Publications, December 1995), 95 pages.   PDF Format (5,383 KB)



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